The growing diversity of health services, which often costs a lot, and the inability of governments to provide benefits to citizens. in all areas of health, clearly show the need for the presence and development of complementary health insurance in the health market. Private supplementary health insurance is usually provided in bulk, voluntarily, and extendable until the end of life. The purpose of this study was to provide solutions to improve the quality of complementary health insurance services and reduce government dependence. The supplementary health insurance function dedicate the second rank of the nongovernmental insurance market also, with the growth of 34.6% is the second highest growth rate in 2015. The coefficient of damage in this sector with 86.1% indicates its profitability in this year. By reviewing the patterns and models presented in the studies, in order to improve the level of health and complementary insurance, solutions were presented in 20 clauses. According to the present study, it is recommended to offer various insurance packages considering the age, gender, health status of individuals, geographical status, literacy level, income level, employment status etc.

Introduction: Today, growing increase of costs is one of the challenges for health systems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the health costs trend in Iran and the policies adopted to manage them better.
Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out in two steps: 1- General review of the Iran's health system costs trend based on National Health Accounts. 2-identification of Experts views on factors lead to increasing health costs in Iran and the strategies used to manage these costs better in last few decades, through simple and accessible sampling and semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done through deductive / inductive hybrid framework, and a thematic framework was developed during the analysis. The NVivo software was used to manage and categorize data.
Results: health costs in Iran has increased over the past years, and various strategies have been used to manage these costs that Extending primary health care, expanding insurance coverage, implementing a family physician program in small towns, villages and among nomads are the most important ones.
Conclusions: Despite the adoption of some strategies to control the health costs in Iran in different periods, growing increase in health costs is a concern. Therefore, health policy makers need to make and implement appropriate polices in order to manage these costs better, while improving access, quality of service and eventually welfare of patients.

Introduction: The design of a benefit package is a key tool for directing health systems to the universal health coverage. Deciding on service prioritization takes into account information on cost-effectiveness, the impact of financial protection, and equity in access to services. To this end, health technology assessment (HTA), which has legal backing and evidence-based protocols, can be used. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the role of health technology assessment in the package of designing.
Methods: This review study has been used to collect and analyze the available evidence. The search was conducted to identify related studies in the electronic database (Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, Trip and Google Scholar) without any time limit and by August 2018 with proper keywords and strategies for each database.
Results: Out of the 132 articles studied, only 2 studies were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. These two studies describe the experience of Thailand and the Netherlands in the role and application of health technology assessment in determining the benefits package. The Thai study describes the hierarchy and sequence of how to determine the choice of services to be included in the benefits package, and in the Dutch study, it refers to the policy and implementation levels and the infrastructure needed to establish a health technology assessment system to determine the benefits package.
Conclusions: Given the advancement of technologies (drugs, equipment, and diagnostic tests), cost growth and the lack of resources in the health system, it is suggested to select a benefit package focusing on health technology assessment studies. HTA is useful for informing health system decision makers about package coverage because it increases transparency, participation and accountability in the process. Accordingly, a 5-step model is recommended to determine the benefits package.

Introduction: The use of appropriate health payment system is one of the priorities for all countries. The aim of this study was to survey the features of diagnosis related groups (DRGs) and ambulatory payment classifications (APCs) in order to provide a framework for calculating inpatient and outpatient care costs in Iranian hospitals.
Methods: This review article conducted by searching bibliographic databases including PubMed،Science direct, SID and Cochrane library. Google scholar and other relevant websites were also searched. Studies restricted to English and Persian language. There was no study design and date limitation.
Results: Of all retrieved studies, 108 studies were selected. Seven DRGs systems have been developed primarily for inpatient services that had various elements for determining payment and were made to address particular limitations in the original DRGs. Different countries often have used their native inputs such as ICD clinical codes. DRGs approaches are converted the clinical code to the financial for determining costs. Finally, Payments for each condition or diseases are estimated based on Adjustment factors, Expenditure ceiling, and Cost weights set. In the APC system would be assigned specific current procedure terminology and ICD clinical codes for each patient who visited the physician and had procedures perform. The APCs approaches are converted the clinical code to the financial for determining costs. Finally, Payments for each condition or diseases are estimated based on Adjustment factors, Expenditure ceiling, and Cost weights set.
Conclusions: Using well-defined prospective payment systems such as native DRG and APC which cover inpatient and outpatient service costs are considered as an effective step in reforming Payments in Iran health care system

Introduction: Achieving the universal health coverage in each country is different according to cultural, social, economic conditions, available resources and development infrastructure, which in Iran over the past few decades, several efforts have been made in this field. The aim of this study is to gain successful experiences of countries such as Malaysia, Thailand, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Sweden and some countries in different continents with different health care systems that have achieved universal health coverage.
Methods: This study is a review study. The bulk of the data studied is related documentation, including official published reports, articles, books, regulations, and newsletters that search for keywords such as insurance, universal health coverage, and health. Health, Health System, Financial Resources and Health System Performance in external databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science and websites such as World Bank, World Health Organization, Also, the use of some internal databases such as Iranmedex and holding meetings with the beneficiaries of the Ministry of Health in Iran has been obtained. All data were analyzed by using content analysis method.
Results: Today, there is no single global model for designing health insurance systems. Countries differ in terms of priorities, population covered, degree of development, type of government system and other factors, and each has its strengths and weaknesses. Countries must evaluate these strengths and weaknesses with their economic, political, and executive priorities, needs, and constraints, and select the best system.
Conclusion: Successful countries in the field of universal health coverage have also benefited from the political and financial commitments of their government and the private sector has acted as a complement to the public sector. Recognizing the health needs for a regular and coordinated referral system is one of the reasons for improving public health coverage. Universal health coverage is a time-consuming process that Iran has come very close to this great goal in the past few years with the implementation of the Health Transformation Plan.

Global outbreak of the coronavirus since late 2019, has had a significant impact on the global economy and in this way has affected the insurance industry regarding its role in risk management and compensation for effects of such crises. Among these, according to the direct and indirect effects of the pandemic on people’s health and livelihood, three types of insurance namely life, health and travel insurance can be considered as susceptible sectors of the insurance industry to the current crisis, which strengthens the need for research in this field. In this regard, using the descriptive exploratory qualitative research, it is shown that the coronavirus can impact on life insurance through various channels such as increase in the death risk, sale and surrender of life insurance, underwriting process and financial aspects; and on health insurance through employers' insurance costs, medical expenses, demand for new medical services and special insurance policies, as well as changes in health insurance rates. Furthermore, COVID 19 pandemic can influence on travel insurance through travel reduction, change in loss and sale market, change in demand for coverage of travel insurance, change from registration of policy sale to registration of request for change of travel date, renewal of travel insurance and change in travel insurance distribution channels.

Introduction: The status of coverage of pension funds and institutions for the support of the elderly, which is effective in promoting the health and social welfare of the elderly, their families and society as a whole, is one of the important issues in geriatrics. The desirable and effective benefit of this coverage for citizens is one of the characteristics of an advanced society and the birth of extensive changes in the development system of the countries. The purpose of this study is to identify the status of insurance pension coverage and support services for the elderly in different regions of the world in order to identify and compare the regions with the highest and lowest levels of this coverage.
Methods: The present study is a review study. The required statistics and information have been obtained through library and documentary methods and with reference to the statistical reports of the International Labor Organization and the World Social Security Union.
Results: The highest rate of coverage in 2019 was in North America with 100% coverage and the lowest was in sub-Saharan Africa with 22.7% of insurance coverage and support for the elderly.
Conclusion: The results show a significant increase in the status of insurance coverage and support for the elderly, especially in recent years. A condition that has been upgraded from a low level of coverage to a high level. However, insurance coverage and support for the elderly are not the same all over the world, and there are many differences.