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Mostafa Piri, Reza Jalali, Ali Akbar Amini,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2019)
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2019)
Abstract
Introduction: Policy change is one of the most popular areas in public policy, and the establishment of justice in the health sector is one of the most important goals of government - oriented governments in this field. Accordingly, the present study aimed to explain the effective factors in promoting justice in health with centrality of Iran health insurance organization.
Methods: the present study is applied in terms of the practical purpose and the method is implemented in two qualitative and quantitative sectors in 1397. in the qualitative section after reviewing the literature, the delphi method and expert panel were used with the help of six experts who participated in the mixed sampling method and the snowball sampling in this study, the objective was evaluated and the conceptual model structure was constructed with four constructs and 20 variables. After examining the formal validity and content validity, 16 questions were finalised with a five - point Likert scale to examine in the quantitative section. in the quantitative part, structural validity was evaluated by cronbach's alpha by factor analysis and reliability. at this stage of the research, 190 members of the target community who had
sufficient information on the subject of research were conducted. SPSS and excel software were used for data analysis.
Results: In this study, 65.7 percrent of male participants were male and 43.3 percent female. 57.3 percent of them are official employment and 57 percent have more than 20 years of work experience. More than 56 percent of the participants have master degrees and doctorate degrees. Reliability of the questionnaire proved to be 83 percent in this study. Validity was assessed and confirmed (Face validity, Content validity and Construct validity). All four constructs in this study were the reliability of over 70 percent. Confirmatory factor analysis also showed that construct validity was approved by the whole questionnaire.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the Iranian health insurance organization has a key role in health with the support provided by the government and the adoption of reason Influence in the study to satisfy the people of the society and ultimately in health.
Mehdi Fathizadeh, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi, Vali Rostami,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Volume 3, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Day-to-day power distribution and separation of powers, in addition to territorial dimensions, is also expanded into subjective and technical dimensions and is divided into smaller and smaller branches to allow for monitoring through reduced power. One of the technical and subject areas that has important policy implications is the area of health and social security, which even in the most neoliberal governments has a large share of the budget and has a strong lobby and lack of judicial oversight. It can lead to bad decisions and wasted resources and opportunities. For this reason, there are usually two types of oversight in this area, one being political or public oversight that is vague and inefficient, and the other being effective and transparent judicial oversight. This type of oversight has entered the political arena since the US Supreme Court formulated the doctrine of the "political question" and rendered "democratic rights" out of the jurisdiction of the unaccountable and unrepresentative judiciary and made decisions on certain issues such as "politics". Public court, education, health, immigration and labor and the environment and ... "which was later called a policy judiciary. This research, which uses a library, descriptive and analytical approach to examine the legalization of health and social security policy, has concluded that judicialisation in this area is unprecedented and if it is in line with the constitutional criteria of a democratic society. , Leads to the development of health and social security, but not to major crashes, undermining health and further violations of rights and corruption.
Mostafa Shamsoddini, Bahram Hormoz,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Volume 3, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: Health insurance is one of the health requirements that is being considered by governments in most developed and developing countries. Since the insurance industry is one of the most important components of financial system, it is necessary to investigate the effect of financial reform policies on development of this industry, especially health insurance development.
Methods: This study, investigate how financial reform policies, including the overall financial reform index, and also the sub-indicators of interest rate control, privatization, entry barriers, capital market liberalization and securities market policies, affect the health insurance development for 30 selected developing countries during 2000-2018. This research is a practical and quantitative study that has been performed using dynamic panel estimation using Generalized Method of Moments.
Result: The results of this study show financial reforms can lead to development of health insurance in developing countries, however, the interactive results show increasing economic development level can increase this effect. Sub-indicators of entry barriers reduction and privatization in the basic and interactive models have a dominant, positive and significant effect on the health insurance development. The capital flow liberalization is significant in the basic model but is not significant under the influence of economic development and expansion of financial markets; also, the securities market policies has no significant effect on health insurance development in developing countries. The interest rate control has a significant relationship with health insurance development in a market-based system only.
Conclusion: As a general conclusion from this study, it can be stated that high government intervention in developing countries is one of the deterrents to financial systems and their impact on insurance sector. The results of this study showed that most financial reform policies, independently or under the influence of conditional variables, have a positive effect on health insurance development, therefore, developing countries can consider implementing these policies as a medium-term solution to improve public health and develop health insurance.
Jamileh Vahidi, Amirhossein Takian, Mostafa Amini Rarani, Moeeni Maryam,
Volume 3, Issue 3 (10-2020)
Volume 3, Issue 3 (10-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: The patients ‘satisfaction with health service is one of the five indicators of quality evaluation in health care programs. This study aimed to identify the attributes related to the non-satisfaction of insurance coverage among patients visited to dental clinics.
Methods: In the framework of a qualitative study conducted in Tehran city, six private and public dental clinics were selected in regions with variant socio-economic status. Face-to-face interviews with the head of household or their spouses who visited to selected dental clinics were carried out and sampling continued until saturation. Data collection lasted from October until February 2018. Thematic analysis was used for content analysis and MAXQDA12 software was applied for data analys
Results: 54 interviews were conducted and overall 14 codes were extracted. Peculiarity and non-peculiarity attributes were identified as two main attributes related to dissatisfaction of the basic and complementary health insurance. To more detail, both basic and complementary insured interviewees expressed dissatisfaction with high premiums, inadequate service packages, as well as rarity of contract centers. Moreover, the interviewees with basic insurance were highly dissatisfied with quality of health services, and those of complementary coverage were dissatisfied with reimbursement system of insurance.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that in order to improve the level of satisfaction with insurance coverage, it is necessary for policy makers to consider the affordability of insurance coverage, insurance packages, and also the quality of health services provided by insurers.
Mostafa Abedi, Farhad Jafari, Ali Montazeri, Seyed Saeid Esmaeili Saber, Mohamad Gholami Fesharaki, Mohamad Bagher Hadavand,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2020)
Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: Human lifestyle is effective on their physical and mental health. Health care education can play an important role in improving people's behavior and lifestyle. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using the health belief model in health care education based on Iranian medicine to the insured of the Iran Health Insurance Organization.
Methods: This quasi-experimental single-group study was performed in Tehran during 2017. Participants in this study were trained in face-to-face and virtual health preservation education according to Iranian Medicine resources based on health belief model. In this study, path analysis method, SPSS and AMOS softwares were used to analyze the data.
Results: The study was performed on 51 people (23 men and 28 women). The results of this study showed an explanation of R2=59% behaviors based on model constructs. Also, the results showed that with increasing the time of the study, the behavior of observing the principles of health care in accordance with Iranian medicine increases and the training has an increasing effect on self-efficacy, benefits, sensitivity and perceived severity and has a decreasing effect on perceived barriers. The results of path analysis (RMSEA = 0.031) also showed that the constructs of perceived sensitivity (0.16), perceived benefits (0.29), perceived intensity (0.15), self-efficacy (0.59) and time (0.47) increased behavior and barrier constructs. Perceived (-0.30) decrease behavior (P<0.001).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, hygiene training can increase the stability of behavior (i.e. observance of hygiene principles) by emphasizing the benefits, barriers, perceived sensitivity and severity and self-efficacy of individuals.
Methods: This quasi-experimental single-group study was performed in Tehran during 2017. Participants in this study were trained in face-to-face and virtual health preservation education according to Iranian Medicine resources based on health belief model. In this study, path analysis method, SPSS and AMOS softwares were used to analyze the data.
Results: The study was performed on 51 people (23 men and 28 women). The results of this study showed an explanation of R2=59% behaviors based on model constructs. Also, the results showed that with increasing the time of the study, the behavior of observing the principles of health care in accordance with Iranian medicine increases and the training has an increasing effect on self-efficacy, benefits, sensitivity and perceived severity and has a decreasing effect on perceived barriers. The results of path analysis (RMSEA = 0.031) also showed that the constructs of perceived sensitivity (0.16), perceived benefits (0.29), perceived intensity (0.15), self-efficacy (0.59) and time (0.47) increased behavior and barrier constructs. Perceived (-0.30) decrease behavior (P<0.001).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, hygiene training can increase the stability of behavior (i.e. observance of hygiene principles) by emphasizing the benefits, barriers, perceived sensitivity and severity and self-efficacy of individuals.
Rostam Zalvand, Abdowreza Delavari, Nooredin Dopeykar, Majid Allahpanbechi, Mohammad Meskarpour-Amiri,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (8-2021)
Volume 4, Issue 2 (8-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Identifying factors affecting the financial aspects of hospital is an important step for its strategic control. Therefore, this study aimed to assessment the trend and determinants of inpatient and outpatient revenue in a COVID-19 patient s’ treatment center.
Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical research by applying time series analysis. Raw data on the hospital income (by inpatient and outpatient) and the potential factors were gathered monthly by referring to the administrative departments of the hospital, during 2015-2020. Dickey-fuller unit root test was used to measure stationary trend of the variables. The auto-regression distributed lagged model (ARDL) was used to study the effect of independent variables on hospital income. All analyzes were performed in Eviews software.
Results: During the study period, on average 73.65% of hospital revenues were related to inpatient income and the rest were outpatient income. The total revenue trend of the hospital at the current price has increased significantly from April 2015 to august 2020
(P<0.0001), while this at the fixed price has decreased significantly (P<0.0001). At the beginning of the admission of a Covid-19 patient (February 2020), the hospital income has decreased significantly and after three months in May 2020, it has returned to its long-term trend. The results showed that inpatient and outpatient income was significantly affected by the variables of quantity of service, quality of care and hospital performance indicators (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Hospital revenue was significantly declined at the commence of Covid-19 pandemic. Increasing the capacity of intensive care beds, raising hotel service tariffs, changing insurance policies and supporting upstream organizations can be effective strategies to control the economic consequences of the Covid-19 epidemic on hospitals.
Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical research by applying time series analysis. Raw data on the hospital income (by inpatient and outpatient) and the potential factors were gathered monthly by referring to the administrative departments of the hospital, during 2015-2020. Dickey-fuller unit root test was used to measure stationary trend of the variables. The auto-regression distributed lagged model (ARDL) was used to study the effect of independent variables on hospital income. All analyzes were performed in Eviews software.
Results: During the study period, on average 73.65% of hospital revenues were related to inpatient income and the rest were outpatient income. The total revenue trend of the hospital at the current price has increased significantly from April 2015 to august 2020
(P<0.0001), while this at the fixed price has decreased significantly (P<0.0001). At the beginning of the admission of a Covid-19 patient (February 2020), the hospital income has decreased significantly and after three months in May 2020, it has returned to its long-term trend. The results showed that inpatient and outpatient income was significantly affected by the variables of quantity of service, quality of care and hospital performance indicators (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Hospital revenue was significantly declined at the commence of Covid-19 pandemic. Increasing the capacity of intensive care beds, raising hotel service tariffs, changing insurance policies and supporting upstream organizations can be effective strategies to control the economic consequences of the Covid-19 epidemic on hospitals.
Hamid Mohammadi, Shahram Tofighi, Mostafa Rajabi, Hamidreza Izadbakhsh, Bahar Hafezi,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (12-2021)
Volume 4, Issue 3 (12-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Strategic purchasing in health services has been one of the basic components in improving performance and one of the most important issues in order to improve the health system in the world. Although the Ministry of Health and insurance organizations in Iran sometimes address the issue of strategic purchasing goals, it is not possible to achieve or even implement it due to existing problems. For this purpose, this study was conducted to identify the most important factors affecting the launch of strategic procurement of health services and its implementation in the treatment department of the Social Security Organization and to provide an applicable model.
Methods: This is a qualitative study that was conducted in 2020 to identify the factors affecting the implementation of strategic procurement of health services in the Social Security Organization and provide a local model in two stages. In the first step, semi-structured interviews were used to extract important factors in the field of strategic purchasing. In the second step, the Delphi method was used to determine the approval or non-approval of the factors influencing the strategic purchase in the Social Security Organization.
Results: In this study, 6 subjects and 40 sub-subjects were extracted. The main topics of the research include: target groups, social structure, insurance structure, management and coordination of departments, knowledge and information systems and service providers. The two main issues of interest to experts were the target groups and the structure of insurance. The highest score of consensus among experts on the following topics included health needs assessment and prioritization of target groups, equitable allocation of resources, income level of covered individuals, and strategic purchasing discourse.
Conclusion: According to the model, most attention is paid to the role of target groups and insurance structure as a leader in purchasing health services and a suitable distributor of services. It is important that the Social Security Administration is able to communicate with providers and select the best providers and receive price information through competition in the most appropriate mechanism. Also, with this model, it can strategically purchase the best and most effective services for its insured individuals. The practical model presented in this article can help the development of health systems to overcome the existing obstacles in the implementation of strategic purchasing progress. This model meets the need for knowledge necessary for strategic purchasing of health services.
Methods: This is a qualitative study that was conducted in 2020 to identify the factors affecting the implementation of strategic procurement of health services in the Social Security Organization and provide a local model in two stages. In the first step, semi-structured interviews were used to extract important factors in the field of strategic purchasing. In the second step, the Delphi method was used to determine the approval or non-approval of the factors influencing the strategic purchase in the Social Security Organization.
Results: In this study, 6 subjects and 40 sub-subjects were extracted. The main topics of the research include: target groups, social structure, insurance structure, management and coordination of departments, knowledge and information systems and service providers. The two main issues of interest to experts were the target groups and the structure of insurance. The highest score of consensus among experts on the following topics included health needs assessment and prioritization of target groups, equitable allocation of resources, income level of covered individuals, and strategic purchasing discourse.
Conclusion: According to the model, most attention is paid to the role of target groups and insurance structure as a leader in purchasing health services and a suitable distributor of services. It is important that the Social Security Administration is able to communicate with providers and select the best providers and receive price information through competition in the most appropriate mechanism. Also, with this model, it can strategically purchase the best and most effective services for its insured individuals. The practical model presented in this article can help the development of health systems to overcome the existing obstacles in the implementation of strategic purchasing progress. This model meets the need for knowledge necessary for strategic purchasing of health services.
Seyed Kamal Sadeghi, Elnaz Ghanati, Saeed Rostampour, Majid Mazidabadi Farahani,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Volume 4, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract
Introduction: The health sector is one of the key sectors of any countries and the value added created in it is one of the criteria for economic growth and development of countries. Therefore, the ultimate goal of all health systems in the world is to achieve public health coverage as one of the most basic economic sectors of any society. Since achieving universal health coverage depends on appropriate financing, aim of this study is to investigate the effect between Iran's human development index and Health system financing model (government, health insurance, people and the private sector).
Methods: This study is a retrospective and analytical study. To describe the long-term relationships between the variables under study, seasonal data from the time series of 2001 to 2018 and the aggregation technique using the Engle-Granger and Johansen -Joselius methods have been used.
Results: The results of model estimation based on the Engle-Granger method confirm that there is a long-term relationship between variables. Also, results of the Johansen -Joselius method show the existence of two cumulative vectors, which overall confirm the positive effect of changes in government share, health insurance share, private sector share of Gross domestic product (GDP) and the inverse relationship of changes in the share of people in GDP to changes in Iran's human development index.
Conclusion: Recent health sector policies, including the implementation of the country's health transformation program, public insurance coverage policies and health tariffs, have been resultful and effective. Therefore, for the further and permanent growth of Iran's human development index and increase the country's development in the region and internationally, special attention should be paid to the country's health insurance sector and its importance in the health system financing model by reviewing basic health insurance packages and improved the quantity and quality of basic and supplementary health insurance.
Methods: This study is a retrospective and analytical study. To describe the long-term relationships between the variables under study, seasonal data from the time series of 2001 to 2018 and the aggregation technique using the Engle-Granger and Johansen -Joselius methods have been used.
Results: The results of model estimation based on the Engle-Granger method confirm that there is a long-term relationship between variables. Also, results of the Johansen -Joselius method show the existence of two cumulative vectors, which overall confirm the positive effect of changes in government share, health insurance share, private sector share of Gross domestic product (GDP) and the inverse relationship of changes in the share of people in GDP to changes in Iran's human development index.
Conclusion: Recent health sector policies, including the implementation of the country's health transformation program, public insurance coverage policies and health tariffs, have been resultful and effective. Therefore, for the further and permanent growth of Iran's human development index and increase the country's development in the region and internationally, special attention should be paid to the country's health insurance sector and its importance in the health system financing model by reviewing basic health insurance packages and improved the quantity and quality of basic and supplementary health insurance.
Zohreh Shahbazi, Karam Habibpour Gatabi, Mostafa Azkia,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Volume 5, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
Despite the impact of theoretical approaches explaining the concept of social security on the social security system, often in Iran, this concept does not have an independent status in sociological analysis and its theoretical analysis is reductionist and is usually considered as an economic concept. After reviewing and explaining the existing theories, the formation of theories was presented based on the three models of welfare state, good governance and governmantality. Their review reveals differences around the two issues of perceiving the power and purpose of social security. In the approaches of welfare state and good governance, power is understood in a structuralist, non-historical and hierarchical way. It is responsible for the implementation of social security programs But in the governance approach, it is understood as a special way of exercising power and governing over oneself and citizens to optimize living standards.Also, the critical evaluation of these theoretical models implies that the approaches that have considered social security as a text and discourse, with a critical, historical and discourse approach, unveil the values, assumptions and ideological dimensions and political rationality of social security. And they have more explanation.
Mehdi Zanganeh Baygi, Mostafa Peyvand, Faezeh Mirani Bahabadi,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Volume 5, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
Introduction: One of the most important factors that indicate hospital performance are hospital indicators. One of the fundamental developments and changes in the health system of Iran is the health system transformation plan, the effects of which should be examined from different aspects. The purpose of this research is to determine the performance indicators of hospitals affiliated to Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran and compare them with the standards of the Ministry of Health and Medicine. Medical education was in 2018.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2018 in public hospitals covered by Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. In this study, the most important performance indicators of the hospital from 2015 to 2018 were investigated in a targeted manner. The entry criterion was the completeness of the indicator's information. In this study, to obtain accurate and reliable information, input data and output data were used as performance indicators. The data was analyzed using EXCEL software and descriptive.
Result: In the present study, a total of 6 hospitals of Zahedan city under the coverage of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences were investigated. On average, 11,200 people were hospitalized and 11,003 people were discharged, which decreased to 11,086 people hospitalized and 10,450 people discharged after the transformation plan. The average number of emergency and outpatients was 71,600 and 124,571 respectively.
Conclusion: To evaluate the hospital, the use of performance indicators as a criterion can guide managers in understanding the current situation of their center as well as in planning and management decisions. The findings of the study showed that in terms of bed occupancy rate, the hospitals were in an average and poor condition compared to the standards of the Ministry of Health. But in terms of the average days of hospitalization, they were in an unfavorable situation.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2018 in public hospitals covered by Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. In this study, the most important performance indicators of the hospital from 2015 to 2018 were investigated in a targeted manner. The entry criterion was the completeness of the indicator's information. In this study, to obtain accurate and reliable information, input data and output data were used as performance indicators. The data was analyzed using EXCEL software and descriptive.
Result: In the present study, a total of 6 hospitals of Zahedan city under the coverage of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences were investigated. On average, 11,200 people were hospitalized and 11,003 people were discharged, which decreased to 11,086 people hospitalized and 10,450 people discharged after the transformation plan. The average number of emergency and outpatients was 71,600 and 124,571 respectively.
Conclusion: To evaluate the hospital, the use of performance indicators as a criterion can guide managers in understanding the current situation of their center as well as in planning and management decisions. The findings of the study showed that in terms of bed occupancy rate, the hospitals were in an average and poor condition compared to the standards of the Ministry of Health. But in terms of the average days of hospitalization, they were in an unfavorable situation.
Sohrab Osta, Behrooz Badpa,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (Summer 2023)
Volume 6, Issue 2 (Summer 2023)
Abstract
Introduction: Performance evaluation is the basis of many decisions and plans that can lead to the success of the organization, and efficiency is considered a very suitable criterion for evaluating the performance of companies and organizations. Based on this, the purpose of this research is to investigate the performance of agencies and counter offices of the contracting party of the Health Insurance Organization by measuring efficiency using the technique of data envelopment analysis.
Methods: In this study, the data of the representative offices and counter branches of the contracting government of Iran Health Insurance Organization in Ilam province, Iran in the third quarter of 2021 were analyzed. For data analysis, non-radial data envelopment analysis model was used, in which evaluation indicators were selected using confirmatory factor analysis method and using Smart PLS software. The SBM model was used to determine the efficiency, and finally, the Super-SBM method was used to rank the efficient units.
Results: The research showed that among the examined units, during the evaluation period, 4 units had efficient performance and 12 ineffective units, among the efficient units, the unit with the best performance was determined and among the inefficient units, the unit with the worst performance was determined.
Conclusion: In the evaluation period, the number of inefficient units was more compared to efficient units. It is recommended to measure the efficiency and productivity of the counter offices and branches of health insurance contracting parties in different cities of Iran, especially the provincial centers, on an annual basis, so that by providing practical solutions, the situation of the agencies and offices can be improved. It is also necessary for them to be fully aware of their expectations and to be more responsive to their clients.
Methods: In this study, the data of the representative offices and counter branches of the contracting government of Iran Health Insurance Organization in Ilam province, Iran in the third quarter of 2021 were analyzed. For data analysis, non-radial data envelopment analysis model was used, in which evaluation indicators were selected using confirmatory factor analysis method and using Smart PLS software. The SBM model was used to determine the efficiency, and finally, the Super-SBM method was used to rank the efficient units.
Results: The research showed that among the examined units, during the evaluation period, 4 units had efficient performance and 12 ineffective units, among the efficient units, the unit with the best performance was determined and among the inefficient units, the unit with the worst performance was determined.
Conclusion: In the evaluation period, the number of inefficient units was more compared to efficient units. It is recommended to measure the efficiency and productivity of the counter offices and branches of health insurance contracting parties in different cities of Iran, especially the provincial centers, on an annual basis, so that by providing practical solutions, the situation of the agencies and offices can be improved. It is also necessary for them to be fully aware of their expectations and to be more responsive to their clients.
Mansour Askary, Mostafa Rajabi, Sharam Tofighi, Maryam Sharifdoust, Bahar Hafezi,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (Spring 2024)
Volume 7, Issue 1 (Spring 2024)
Abstract
Introduction: Relying on out-of-pocket payments for health care services increases the financial burden and back-breaking costs of medical services for families. It results in poverty. Considering the necessity of sustainable medical insurance for informal jobs, the present study evaluated the willingness to pay medical insurance for informal jobs in Isfahan province for two groups of informal jobs in income deciles one to three and deciles four to six.
Methods: In this study, the conditional valuation method (CVM) was used to estimate the willingness to pay. The maximum willingness to pay is equal to the compensatory interest, that is, the decrease in income that maintains the initial level of the respondent's utility if insurance coverage is provided. In this research, library and field methods were used to collect data, and since the dependent variable (willingness to pay) was ranked, the econometric methods of ordered probit and Tobit were used to estimate the model.
Results: The results showed that in both groups of income deciles, the variable of education level has no significant effect on the willingness to pay, but other variables such as age, average household income, age and average medical expenses have an effect on the willingness to pay. The effect of changing household size was also negative. In the following, the practical suggestions obtained from the results were presented.
Methods: In this study, the conditional valuation method (CVM) was used to estimate the willingness to pay. The maximum willingness to pay is equal to the compensatory interest, that is, the decrease in income that maintains the initial level of the respondent's utility if insurance coverage is provided. In this research, library and field methods were used to collect data, and since the dependent variable (willingness to pay) was ranked, the econometric methods of ordered probit and Tobit were used to estimate the model.
Results: The results showed that in both groups of income deciles, the variable of education level has no significant effect on the willingness to pay, but other variables such as age, average household income, age and average medical expenses have an effect on the willingness to pay. The effect of changing household size was also negative. In the following, the practical suggestions obtained from the results were presented.
Hamid Sheikhpoodeh, Mohammad Nasralehnia , Naser Azad, Abdolrasoul Mostajeran,
Volume 27, Issue 7 (12-2024)
Volume 27, Issue 7 (12-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: In Iran, pension funds are defined benefit funds and their sustainability is important. However, their financial sustainability and how they are evaluated have always been criticized and studied. The welfare and social security system seeks to provide and improve the status of individuals in old age. Today, insurance is considered a key component and determinant of social security in every society. Therefore, this study addresses the improvement and development of the social security insurance acceptance model using the interpretive structural modeling technique.
Methods: This study is a cross-sectional survey study in terms of its applied-developmental purpose and in terms of the method and time period of data collection. The data collection tools were semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire, and the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed as desirable using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. The qualitative part participants include theoretical experts (management professors) and empirical experts (experienced managers of the Social Security Pension Fund) in the number of 20 people. The statistical population of the quantitative part includes 384 people who are compulsory and self-employed insured in social security in Tehran. To identify the dimensions and components, the qualitative content analysis method was used, the structural-interpretive modeling method was used to determine the relationships between the components, and the partial least squares method was used to validate the model.
Results: Service marketing strategy, financial literacy of users, and physical equipment and facilities affect trustworthiness and responsiveness. Trustworthiness and responsiveness affect the improvement of customer experience and lead to customer participation, customer loyalty, and customer satisfaction. Through customer participation, it is ultimately possible to achieve the acceptance of pension funds.
Conclusion: By focusing on confirming all research hypotheses, it can be acknowledged that all components of the model have a positive and significant effect on achieving the acceptance of social security insurance.
Methods: This study is a cross-sectional survey study in terms of its applied-developmental purpose and in terms of the method and time period of data collection. The data collection tools were semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire, and the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed as desirable using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. The qualitative part participants include theoretical experts (management professors) and empirical experts (experienced managers of the Social Security Pension Fund) in the number of 20 people. The statistical population of the quantitative part includes 384 people who are compulsory and self-employed insured in social security in Tehran. To identify the dimensions and components, the qualitative content analysis method was used, the structural-interpretive modeling method was used to determine the relationships between the components, and the partial least squares method was used to validate the model.
Results: Service marketing strategy, financial literacy of users, and physical equipment and facilities affect trustworthiness and responsiveness. Trustworthiness and responsiveness affect the improvement of customer experience and lead to customer participation, customer loyalty, and customer satisfaction. Through customer participation, it is ultimately possible to achieve the acceptance of pension funds.
Conclusion: By focusing on confirming all research hypotheses, it can be acknowledged that all components of the model have a positive and significant effect on achieving the acceptance of social security insurance.
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