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Showing 12 results for Covid-19

Parviz Ramezani,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2020)
Abstract

On December 30, 2019, the World Health Organization received an epidemic report of a pneumonia-like disease in Wuhan, China (1), in Iran, the first cases of COVID-19 were reported in February 2020 (end of February 2016) (2) and the World Health Organization The outbreak of the Corona virus on March 11, 2020 declared a pandemic (3). The sudden and global outbreak of Covid disease has alarmed many people and threatened the lives of infected people, families, friends and the community because of its potential effects (4). To manage the COVID-19 epidemic, the health system must increase its acute care capacity (5). According to a WHO survey, services for the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases have been severely disrupted since the onset of the Covid 19 epidemic (6), forcing physicians to prioritize their clinical activities (5). The COVID-19 epidemic has led to the prioritization of National Health Service (NHS) resources to deal with the rising tide of infected patients (7).
Faezeh Mohammadi, Sina Nematizadeh, Abbas Heydari, Hossein Safarzadeh,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract

Introduction: Covi-19 is the most pervasive crises in recent decades that has caused unmissable changes in customer behavior. Increasing patient numbers has created many challenges for health care providers and their staff, reduced referrals to health insurance and consequently lack of access to the care needed, lockdown and fear of infection have made online customer experience a serious issue for providing better health services. The aim of this study was to present a structural-interpretive model of online customer experience in covid-19 period.
Methods: The present study is based on pragmatism. In the qualitative part Meta-Synthesis (MS) which is a kind of review study and in quantitative stage, interpretive structural models have been used and it has done in 2020. In the qualitative section, by systematically reviewing 326 articles, 36 articles were selected and the identified dimensions were used to present the final model, structural-interpretive modeling technique and penetration-dependence analysis.
Results: The findings indicate that, the structure has the dimensions of company experience, health safety experience, website experience, emotional experience, payment experience, product/service experience and security experience. Also, the company’s experience is independent component, emotional experience as dependent component and the other are related components.
Conclusion: Given that the main goal of the health insurance organization is to protect the patient, it is recommended that by utilizing the findings of this research and focusing on the telemedicine approach, improve the online experience of its customers in the time of covid-19.

Rostam Zalvand, Abdowreza Delavari, Nooredin Dopeykar, Majid Allahpanbechi, Mohammad Meskarpour-Amiri,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (8-2021)
Abstract

Introduction: Identifying factors affecting the financial aspects of hospital is an important step for its strategic control. Therefore, this study aimed to assessment the trend and determinants of inpatient and outpatient revenue in a COVID-19 patient s’ treatment center.
Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical research by applying time series analysis. Raw data on the hospital income (by inpatient and outpatient) and the potential factors were gathered monthly by referring to the administrative departments of the hospital, during 2015-2020. Dickey-fuller unit root test was used to measure stationary trend of the variables. The auto-regression distributed lagged model (ARDL) was used to study the effect of independent variables on hospital income. All analyzes were performed in Eviews software.
Results: During the study period, on average 73.65% of hospital revenues were related to inpatient income and the rest were outpatient income. The total revenue trend of the hospital at the current price has increased significantly from April 2015 to august 2020
(P<0.0001), while this at the fixed price has decreased significantly (P<0.0001). At the beginning of the admission of a Covid-19 patient (February 2020), the hospital income has decreased significantly and after three months in May 2020, it has returned to its long-term trend. The results showed that inpatient and outpatient income was significantly affected by the variables of quantity of service, quality of care and hospital performance indicators (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Hospital revenue was significantly declined at the commence of Covid-19 pandemic. Increasing the capacity of intensive care beds, raising hotel service tariffs, changing insurance policies and supporting upstream organizations can be effective strategies to control the economic consequences of the Covid-19 epidemic on hospitals.

Amin Faghfouri Azar, Fatemeh Bakouie, Mohammad Hosein Mahdavi Adeli, Reza Radfar, Mohammad Ali Afshar Kazemi,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (8-2021)
Abstract

Introduction: Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic unprecedented risks to the health system as one of the main pillars of development and social welfare has emerged around the world and in Iran, and in the last 20 months, the world has witnessed new paradigms of human life, including the need to observe social distance to deal with this pervasive and global disease. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the production and accumulation of social capital and its effects on the process of observing social distance as one of the non-pharmacological policies to deal with the prevalence of Covid-19 pandemic, in line with research from other countries and filling the gap available in Iranian research.
Methods: Extracting, quantifying and determining the equations of variables and determining the boundaries of the system in the process of production and accumulation of social capital in this study by summarizing the views of theorists, experts by conducting semi-structured interviews and combining it was done by fuzzy Delphi method. Modeling and data analysis was performed with a systemic approach and methodology of systems dynamics and the use of Wensim software.
Results: After simulating the model and performing tests to confirm its validity, it was found that there is a gap between social capital and the process of observing social distance as one of the non-pharmacological policies of the health system to control the Covid-19 pandemic. There is a causal and positive relationship. By performing tests for model structure, system behavior and policy sensitivity analysis, optimistic, pessimistic and realistic scenarios based on 8 selected policies, the optimal policy for long-term reforms and changes were selected and proposed.
Conclusion: The findings of this study, while explaining some unknown aspects of people’s behavior and the effects of social capital on the observance of social distance to control the Covid-19 pandemic, provide strategies for health policymakers that if implemented, we will see more and more public confidence as the main factor in the reproduction and accumulation of social capital and the support of people to transition from the current unfavorable situation to better conditions.

Behrooz Nazemi, Yazdan Gudarzi Farahani,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract

Introduction: With the outbreak of Covid-19 in China and its spread to other countries, financial markets around the world were severely affected by this crisis. The global effects of the Covid-19 outbreak include rising global unemployment, severe shocks to the world economy, declining crude oil prices, declining global trade in most of the countries involved, and the closure of the world to foreign trade. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Covid-19 pandemic on the performance indicators of the country's insurance industry.
Methods: This study was a secondary study. In addition, in this study, the statistical data of 1991-2020 and the autoregression vector model were used to investigate the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the insurance industry. In this study, the Covid-19 pandemic is included in the model as an exogenous shock.
Results: The findings of this study indicated that the release of Covid-19 leads to an increase in production premiums and claims paid in the life and non-life insurance sector. The results showed that the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the life insurance sector was greater than non-life insurance.
Conclusion: In countries with lower inflation rates and stable economies, the effects of Covid-19 on production premiums are negative, but in countries that experience high inflation with economic instability, the effects of Covid-19 on production premiums are positive. In fact, in the country, due to the annual increase in the ransom rate, which increases the third-party insurance premium, exchange rate fluctuations and inflation also lead to the growth of insurance companies' production premiums. For this reason, the recession and economic growth of the country in recent years has not had a negative effect on the growth of premiums and only the growth rate of premiums has increased or decreased.

Maryam Ghafoor Boroujerdi, Mir Hossein Mousavi,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract

Introduction: One of the insurance disciplines that is closely related to Covid-19 and its deadly consequences is life insurance. Accordingly, in order to make appropriate decisions and policies, a comprehensive study of this disease and its effects on life insurance is essential. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of Covid-19 pandemic on the number of insurance policies issued and life insurance claims in Iran.
Methods: The present study was performed qualitatively and quantitatively in 2021. In the qualitative part, comparative study and qualitative analysis (content analysis) were used. In a small part, the studied data were collected from Sanhab system and central insurance statistical yearbook. The sample studied in this section includes information of the first 9 months of 2018 to 2020 in 26 insurance companies. Data were categorized using Excel software version 2016 and this data was analyzed using E-Views software version 11.
Results: The results of the revealed statistical facts show that the number of life insurance claims has increased in most countries of the world due to the Covid-19 pandemic, but the effect of this virus on people's willingness to buy life insurance and life insurance policy issued is different. Also, the results of the regression model show that in Iran, the average of both variables, the number of life insurance policies issued and the number of life insurance claims with the prevalence of Covid-19 has increased significantly.
Conclusion: Since the prevalence of Covid-19 has increased the number of life insurance claims and this issue can be to the detriment of insurance companies, it is necessary for insurance companies in interaction with related centers and institutions to take the necessary measures regarding self-care training for individuals. Insurers can also diversify their activities to control the adverse effects of the epidemic.

Azadeh Ashrafi, Mahmoudreza Mohaghegh Dolatabadi, Javad Faghihipour, Kobra Mafi, Fatemeh Darbandi,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract

Introduction: Human resources is one of the most important sources of the health system, because the use of health technologies in the management and provision of services to improve health is the responsibility of this sector. The main purpose of this study was to design a comprehensive model of human resource management in the health sector in the context of health crisis.
Methods: The research method was qualitative based on grounded theory method (without structure). Data analysis was performed using triple coding of grounded theory technique (open, axial and selective coding) in MAXQDA software environment.
Results: The findings showed that the most effective measures regarding the first function should be in pre-crisis conditions, the second function in pre-crisis conditions, the third function in pre-crisis and post-crisis conditions, the fourth function in pre-crisis conditions, the fifth function in pre-crisis conditions, and the sixth function should be done in the post-crisis situation. On the other hand, in this study, 4 models including the model of human resource management in the pre-crisis, during the crisis, after the crisis, as well as a comprehensive model of human resource management in the context of health crisis were developed.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study in the pre-crisis time should be the main focus on hiring, manpower, training and organizational communications. In times of crisis, the reward system, benefits, safety and welfare of employees should be considered. In the post-crisis situation, the payment system and benefits and retirement are important.

Aazam Dashti Rahmatabadi, Atoosa Kalantar Hormozi, Ali Delavar, Javad Khodadadi Sange,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of COVID-19 disease has added additional job stress to medical staff around the world and exacerbated the psychological problems of specialists. On the other hand, creating conditions for creating a synergistic passion for work and family can be a good solution to maintain the health of employees and provide better services to patients in medical centers. The aim of this study is to present a model of Deterrent and Promoter Affecting Synergistic Enthusiasm for Work - Family among Medical Married staff of medical centers under the supervision of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: The present study was conducted qualitatively using grounded theory. In order to present the model, in-depth semi-structured interviews with the treatment staff were used. The selection of individuals was purposeful. Theoretical saturation was obtained after 12 interviews.
Results: Data analysis led to finding 6 promoter factors (intrinsic and behavioral characteristics of the individual; core and main family characteristics; characteristics related to work and work environment) and 7 deterrent factors (internal factors Psychology, behavioral habits; family environment, common destructive behaviors; work characteristics, managerial factors, organizational environment) were divided into 3 categories of individual, family and job factors.
Conclusion: Promotion of productivity, human capital and quality of health care services that are affected by the psychological problems of medical staff should be considered by the Ministry of Health and relevant organizations. Hospitals can improve the quality of services provided to the insured by using the presented model, while paying attention to specialists.
Javad Sajjadi Khasraghi, Mahmoud Salesi, Mohammad Meskarpour Amiri, Mohammad Mohammadian, Javad Khosmanzar, Manaf Abdi,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract

Introduction: The COVID-19 caused many changes in the performance and productivity of health service providers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial and performance indicators of one of the hospitals in Tehran.
Methods: This historical cohort study was conducted in the first 6 months of 2018 as the pre-pandemic period and the first 6 months of 2019 as the post-pandemic period. 13 performance indicators of inpatient departments; 9 operational indicators of the whole hospital and 3 financial indicators were included in the study. The data were received in a pre-designed Excel form from the statistics unit and quality improvement unit of the hospital, and after entering SPSS and checking their normality, they were analyzed with Wilcoxon's non-parametric test.
Results: Average indices of bed circulation (P=0.028), discharged patients (P=0.028) and hospitalized patients (P=0.046) were significantly reduced. The index of death before 24 hours (P=0.027) and after 24 hours (P=0.028) and ED discharge (P=0.028) also increased significantly. The average profit of the hospital at the current price and the actual price had increased significantly (P=0.028). Total current income increased, but real income decreased, which were not significant. Current and real costs were also reduced, only the real cost reduction was significant (P=0.028).
Conclusion: The COVID-19 had a significant impact on the hospital's financial and performance indicators. It’s necessary for hospital managers to have an appropriate model for the development of services and the sustainability of resources during a crisis.

Mohammad Hossei Karimizarchi, Davood Shishebori,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19, which is also called acute respiratory disease NCAV-2019 or commonly called corona, is a respiratory disease caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. Forecasting the number of new cases and deaths today can be a useful step in predicting the costs and facilities needed in the future. This study aims to model and predict new cases and deaths efficiently in the future.
Methods: In this article, 9 forecasting techniques were tested on the data of COVID-19 of Mehriz city, Iran as a case study from 2020/02/26 to 2021/12/19 and using the evaluation criteria of mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the models were compared.
Results: For cumulative cases of hospitalization, ARIMA, Exponential, Holt-Winters, and STL models performed better and autoregressive neural networks, Theta, and KNN regression showed poor performance. Also, for cumulative mortality cases, KNN regression, Exponential and Theta models have better performance in predicting cumulative mortality cases, and autoregressive neural networks, ARIMA, and cubic spline smoothing showed poor performance.
Conclusion: the best model according to the mentioned evaluation criteria for predicting cumulative cases of hospitalization of COVID-19 is STL model and for cumulative cases of death is the KNN regression model. Also, the autoregressive neural network model has the worst performance among other models, both for hospitalization and death cases. Also, the important point is that the data should be updated in real-time.

Bahram Aminmansour, Sajad Parvar, Mohammadmehdi Fakhr, Amir Mahabadi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract

Introduction: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic has had drastic effects on global healthcare. This study aimed to ascertain changes in the volume of neurosurgical procedures carried out before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Isfahan city hospitals, Iran.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the three Hospitals of Isfahan. Data of the neurosurgical patients (both urgent and nonurgent) treated from the February in 2017 to 2022 were collected. Two groups were thus created (COVID-19 (2020-2022), pre-COVID-19 (2017-2X019) and Post-COVID (2022-2023).
Results: We treated 30456 admissions under neurosurgery during the COVID-19 (2020-2022) compared with 42300 admissions in pre-COVID-19 (2017-2019). Pre-COVID-19, the median number of referrals was 46 per 24 hour. During COVID-19, this decreased to 33 per day. During the post-COVID era, there was an admission of 17,341 patients, which escalated to 37 cases within a 24-hour timeframe during the post-COVID period. A noteworthy disparity was evident in the overall count of admitted patients, the aggregate of surgical procedures executed, and the elective surgical procedures performed during the post-COVID phase when juxtaposed with the pre-COVID and the COVID-19 pandemic periods (P<0.05). Additionally, there was a marked contrast in spinal column issues between the post-COVID period and the pandemic period (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The capacity to safely treat patients requiring urgent or emergency neurosurgical care was maintained at COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, following the conclusion of the pandemic, there was a decline in the number of surgical procedures in contrast to the pre-pandemic period.

Pedram Nourizadeh Tehrani, Mobarakeh Alipanah Dolatabad, Rajabali Daroudi,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (3-2024)
Abstract

Introduction: Various medications for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been introduced in outpatient and inpatient wards. Three of the referees are Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid), Molnupiravir and Fluvoxamine. The aim of this study was to investigate the cost-effectiveness of these drugs in treatment of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 in Iran.
Methods: The present study was an economic evaluation study with the aim of investigating the cost-effectiveness of drugs. A two-part decision analysis model of decision tree model and Markov model was used to investigate cost-effectiveness. The study parameters included hospitalization, death rate, drugs, quality of life and treatment costs in 2012.
Results: The results showed that standard treatment had higher cost and lower average outcome (QALY) compared to the average fluvoxamine. Molnopyravir had a higher average cost (202.205.422 vs. 155.243.881) and lower QALY (4.352 vs. 4.363). The average cost of Paxlovid was higher (133.712.604 Rials vs. 3.328.029) and the average QALY (0.969 vs. 0.966). The cost-effectiveness ratio of pexelloids compared with fluvoxamine was 302.781.040.50 Rials. If the cost of the course of treatment with pexelloids is less than 2.108.425 Rials, this drug will be cost-effective.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the use of paxlovid and molnopyravir in the treatment of COVID-19 patients in the mild to moderate stage who are at high risk for disease progression is not cost-effective at current prices. In the case of fluvoxamine, although the drug is cost-effective based on the available evidence, there is a lot of uncertainty about its effectiveness.


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